In an era where substance use disorders and risky behavior continues to challenge fields such as public health, innovative solutions are needed to address these complex issues. Insert Harm Reduction Vending Machines, which are an evidence based, groundbreaking approach aimed at transforming how communities tackle drug-related harm and promote safer practices in order to save lives.
Greendale, WI Public Health and Greendale, WI Police Department applied to become a host site for a harm reduction vending machine (HRVM), an opportunity released by Milwaukee, WI County Division of Behavioral Health Services. These machines would be purchased and maintained by the county and hold five items: Naloxone (Narcan), fentanyl test strips, medication disposal bags, medication lock bags, and gun locks. A need was recognized in the community to allow those who work, play, and live in Greendale to have access to the materials in the machine, 24/7, which is why the health and police department applied jointly to be a host site. The HRVM is placed in the lobby of the Greendale Police Department, strategically located within the village, so it is close to a bus stop, in a location with 24/7 access, and anyone who needs materials from the machine does not need to interact with staff, however dispatch is available if anyone has questions regarding any materials and is trained to discuss the use of each.
From July-December 2023, the first 6 months of the HRVM being installed at Greendale, WI Police Department, the following is what was distributed into the community of each item:
The introduction of HRVM does not come without controversy. Critics argue that such initiatives could inadvertently enable or normalize substance use, while others are concerned with the perceived message it sends to society. These thought processes hold no basis to be true, and only add to the stigma already attached to substance misuse. Greendale has welcomed this resource as a tool to help those in the community that need it. Positive comments have been made to staff via phone calls, emails, and in person, grateful that the village is willing to have a resource like this available. Many residents have been thrilled to see this addition to the village and wished a resource like this had been available when they or someone they knew was struggling with substance misuse.
A comprehensive public health approach includes methods of harm reduction, such as a HRVM, to minimize the negative consequences that substance use can cause AND prevention efforts, which focus on stopping substance use before it starts. This allows complex issues to be approached from many angles. In Greendale, a public health action team, Community Alliance, which was created in 2017 works towards finding ways to reduce stigma around substance use, promote prevention efforts and protective factors, and work alongside the community for what best fits their needs. This group is comprised of community members, professionals, elected officials, healthcare providers, and many more sectors that take the lead in reducing and preventing substance misuse within the community.
Find a Harm Reduction Vending Machine in Milwaukee County: Harm Reduction Vending Machines (milwaukee.gov)
Where Can You Get Naloxone: Dose of Reality: Safer Use/Harm Reduction | Wisconsin Department of Health Services
Information on Harm Reduction Initiatives in Wisconsin: Substance Use: Harm Reduction | Wisconsin Department of Health Services
Nicole Heling, MPH, CHES, is the Public Health Manager at Greendale, WI Health Department, working to improve health at a community level. She has demonstrated a passion for promoting health equity and addressing health disparities through evidence-based interventions and community-based approaches. Her areas of expertise include health education, program planning and evaluation, and disease prevention in areas such as substance misuse, physical activity and nutrition, and emergency preparedness. She holds a Master’s in Public Health with a focus in policy and administration and is a Certified Health Education Specialist.
Here are some specific examples of what partnership with us can look like. Every plan is customized — this is just a starting point.
Classroom wellbeing auditClassroom teachers assess their current wellbeing supports, identify specific strengths and gaps, and actively engage with research-based strategies to create an action plan for supporting student wellbeing in the classroom. This audit is more than a checklist—it’s a mirror that reflects how your everyday choices shape the mental health and wellbeing of everyone in your classroom. By pausing to rate, reflect, and plan, you will:
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Specialized mental health skill-building workshopsThis goes beyond basic literacy to provide staff with practical skills and techniques for managing specific situations and promoting positive mental health within the school. Examples
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Adult SEL developmentJust as students benefit from developing social-emotional skills, so do adults. Adult SEL focuses on educators understanding their own emotions, managing impulses, setting goals, showing empathy, building healthy relationships, and making responsible decisions. Examples
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Integration of mental health into curriculumEmbedding mental health education within the regular curriculum normalizes these topics, reduces stigma, and equips all students with foundational knowledge and skills related to their emotional well-being. Rogers’ understanding of key mental health concepts can inform curriculum development. Examples
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Mental health literacy trainingThis partnership focuses on equipping school staff with a foundational understanding of mental health concepts, common disorders in children and adolescents, and the importance of early identification and intervention. Examples
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Trauma-Informed practicesTrauma-informed practice recognizes the widespread impact of trauma and understands potential paths for recovery. In a school setting, this means understanding that students (and staff) may have experienced trauma and that these experiences can affect behavior, relationships, and learning. Training helps staff recognize the signs of trauma, respond in a way that avoids re-traumatization, and create a safe and supportive environment. It also includes understanding secondary trauma or compassion fatigue that educators may experience when working with individuals who have experienced trauma. Examples
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Mindfulness and stress reduction workshops for staffMindfulness involves paying attention to the present moment without judgment. Stress reduction techniques are practical strategies designed to lower physiological and psychological responses to stress. Training in these areas equips educators with tools to manage the inherent demands and pressures of their job, cultivate a sense of calm, and increase their capacity to be present and responsive. Examples
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Building resilience (CLE)Resilience is the ability to adapt well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, or significant sources of stress. Training in resilience helps educators identify their strengths, develop positive coping mechanisms, cultivate optimism, and build strong support networks. Examples
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Enhancing school climate – for the staffSchool climate refers to the quality and character of school life. A positive school climate for staff is characterized by trust, respect, collegiality, collaboration, and a sense of belonging. Consultation focuses on identifying areas for improvement and implementing strategies to foster a more supportive and positive environment. Examples
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Needs assessment and strategic planning (CLE)A systematic process of gathering information about the current state of staff wellbeing within the school, identifying key stressors, and understanding the needs and preferences of the staff. This data then informs the development of a targeted and effective plan for implementing wellbeing initiatives. Examples
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Developing supportive policies and practicesExamining existing school policies, procedures, and unwritten norms to identify those that may contribute to staff stress or hinder wellbeing. Consulting on modifications or new policies that actively promote a healthy work environment. Examples
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Consultation on school mental health systemsThis involves leveraging Rogers’ understanding of best practices in mental health care to advise schools on the development and implementation of comprehensive systems that support student and staff well-being. Examples
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Integrating wellbeing into existing structuresEmbedding wellbeing initiatives within the school’s existing operational framework rather than treating them as separate, add-on programs. This ensures long-term sustainability and demonstrates that wellbeing is a priority. Examples
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Leadership coachingCoaching specifically designed for school administrators and team leaders. This focuses on developing their leadership skills related to supporting staff wellbeing, creating a positive team culture, and effectively managing workplace dynamics that can impact stress levels. Examples
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Individual wellbeing coachingA confidential and supportive partnership between a trained coach and an individual staff member. The coach helps the staff member identify their wellbeing goals, explore challenges, develop strategies, and build self-awareness and resilience. This is particularly helpful for staff experiencing high levels of stress, burnout, or those seeking to proactively enhance their wellbeing. Examples
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Instructional coaching with a wellbeing lensIntegrating conversations and support around wellbeing into existing instructional coaching cycles. This recognizes that teacher wellbeing is intertwined with their classroom practice and provides a holistic approach to support. Examples
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Peer coaching programsTraining selected staff members to serve as peer coaches for their colleagues. This leverages internal expertise and fosters a culture of mutual support within the school. Peer coaches can provide a confidential and relatable source of support, sharing strategies and offering encouragement. Examples
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